A co-operative is where a group of people (homeless, consumers, unemployed) come together to address a common need (houses, cheap food, jobs) through a jointly owned and democratically controlled organisation (housing co-op, consumer co-op, worker co-op) that follows the cooperative principles (voluntary, democratic, econ participation, independent, training, cooperation between co-ops, concern for community).
The International co-operative Alliance (ICA) defines a housing co-operative as: “A housing co-operative is a legal association formed for the purpose of providing housing to its members on a continuing basis. It is owned and controlled by its members. A co-operative is distinguished from other housing associations by its ownership structure and its commitment to co-operative principles.”
There are broadly two types of housing co-operatives:
- Housing (Development) Co-operatives – H(D)C’s – where a group of homeless people come together to arrange for the development of housing for themselves; and
- Housing (Property Owning) Co-operatives – H(PO)C’s – where neighbours come together to own property together and to manage what happens on this property.
It is also very possible to combine these two forms of co-operatives into a housing (development and property owning) co-operative.
From 1998 to 2008, with the support of the Swedish Co-operative Centre, we conceptualised, planned, piloted and advocated for housing cooperatives. Afesis-corplan, working closely with the East London Housing Management Co-operative, the Buffalo City Municipality, the Provincial Department of Housing and others developed one of the few housing co-operatives projects in South Africa (in Amalinda, a suburb of East London) that combines government’s Institutional Subsidies with the Peoples’ Housing Process Subsidy.
Afesis-corplan’s experience with working with housing co-operatives is that H(D)C have some potential to help landless/ homeless people get houses (that are then either individually or cooperatively owned). H(PO)C in contrast have limited potential (except in a few unique situations where people want to own land collectively) to allow groups to make land affordable for now and into the future (using restricted equity co-operative ownership models).
For more information on Housing Cooperatives follow the following links:
1. Co-operative Housing Comic. (Warning: 20mb download)
2. Housing Co-operatives: lessons emerging
3. Housing Co-operatives: Lessons Learned (July 2008)
4. Co-operative Housing Handbook.
5. Co-operative Housing Guidelines
6. Co-operative Housing Land Access.
7. Co-operative Housing Finance.
8. Contracting_for Housing Cooperatives and Contracting for housing cooperatives (annexures)